Agricultural policies and their impact on the food security of sugar in Egypt under the concept of sustainable development

The issue of food security is one of the core issues that receive increasing attention to its economic, social and political impact on the stability of countries. This concept of food security is linked to the concept of sustainable development. Increase production, provide food and thus achieve food security. Sugar production in Egypt is based on two main sources: sugar cane and sugar beet, each contributing about 1.27 million tons in 2017, equivalent to 44.05%, and 55.95% of the total sugar production in the same year, amounting to about 2.27 million tons. The problem of research is the existence of a food gap of sugar due to the inability of the available production capacity to meet the consumptive needs of the population and then reliance on foreign markets to secure and fill that gap and the associated increase in the burden of agricultural trade balance, where statistics indicate that the quantity produced In 2017, sugar consumption was estimated at 2270 thousand tons, while consumption needs were estimated at 2950 thousand tons. Therefore, the self-sufficiency ratio was estimated at 76.95%. The food gap of sugar was estimated at 680 thousand tons. Shade The Egyptian economy witnessed the challenges and the tendency of the state to implement a program of economic reform recently in agreement with the International Monetary Fund, where the phasing out of fuel subsidies and the liberalization of the exchange rate in November 2016, in addition to the tendency of the state to reduce the cultivated areas of the sugarcane crop The research aimed to study and analyze agricultural policies and their impact on achieving food security from sugar by dividing the study period (2004-2017) into two periods (2004-2010) and the second (2001-2017) The research has reached many results from them • Sugar cane cultivation is concentrated in Upper Egypt governorates, where the governorates of Qena, Aswan, Luxor, and Minya cultivate about 94.04% of the cultivated area of sugar cane at the level of the Republic during the period (2015 - 2017). El-Sheikh, Dakahlia, Sharkia at 57.05% of the annual average of the area planted with sugar beet • The average annual amount of sugar produced during the period (2004-2010) was about 1581.57 thousand tons, which increased to about 2040.71 thousand tons during the period (2011-2017). The average food gap of sugar during the first period decreased by 967.86 thousand tons in the second period to about 836.43 thousand tons and the self-sufficiency ratio increased from about 62.08% to about 70.88%. • Nominal protection coefficient of products for sugarcane crop was 0.937, 0.94 and sugar beet 0.986 and 0.58 during the two study periods • The relative advantage coefficient of sugarcane yield was estimated at 0.6, 0.2, and beet yield of 0.37, 0.25, which means that Egypt has a comparative advantage in the production